Mechanical Failures in Commercial Trucks

Mechanical failures in commercial trucks are a leading cause of catastrophic accidents across Tennessee, often resulting in serious injuries or fatalities. These failures are frequently preventable and arise from poor maintenance practices, defective parts, or negligence by trucking companies, maintenance providers, or drivers. At The Law Offices of John Day, P.C., we are committed to helping victims of these incidents recover the compensation they need to move forward. With offices in Brentwood, Nashville, and Murfreesboro, we proudly serve clients throughout Nashville, Davidson County, and surrounding communities. Our team handles complex truck accident litigation with diligence and compassion, guiding clients through the legal process every step of the way.

Understanding Mechanical Failure in Commercial Trucks

Commercial trucks are made up of intricate systems that must work together reliably to ensure safe operation. Components such as braking systems, tires, engines, transmissions, lighting, and trailer couplings all require routine inspection and maintenance. When any one of these systems fails—especially at high speeds or under a heavy load—the consequences can be devastating. Common mechanical failures include brake malfunctions, tire blowouts, steering or suspension issues, transmission or drivetrain failure, signal and lighting defects, coupling device malfunctions (such as kingpins or fifth wheels), engine or fuel system failures, and windshield wiper failures in poor weather. These failures often go undetected or ignored until an accident occurs, highlighting the critical need for proactive maintenance and strict adherence to safety regulations.

Federal and State Regulations on Truck Maintenance

Federal law requires strict oversight of commercial truck maintenance under the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (FMCSRs). These include 49 C.F.R. § 396, which mandates systematic inspection, repair, and maintenance of all motor vehicles, and 49 C.F.R. § 396.11, which obligates drivers to complete daily vehicle inspection reports (DVIRs). Annual inspections must be performed by qualified personnel under 49 C.F.R. § 396.17. Additionally, 49 C.F.R. § 393 outlines minimum safety standards for truck components such as brakes, lights, and tires. Violations of these rules not only carry regulatory penalties but can also support negligence claims.

Tennessee law complements these federal regulations. For example, Tenn. Code Ann. § 55-7-203 addresses vehicle size and equipment requirements, including brake and tire safety. Tenn. Code Ann. § 55-9-204 provides specific standards for brake system maintenance. Noncompliance with these statutes can lead to civil liability and may also trigger enforcement action by the government.

Why Mechanical Failures Occur

Most mechanical failures are avoidable and result from negligence or cost-cutting decisions. Inadequate maintenance is one of the most common causes, as some carriers skip necessary inspections or delay repairs to reduce operating costs. Negligent inspections are another frequent factor; daily and periodic inspections are required by law, and failure to complete or act upon them puts everyone on the road at risk. Defective parts can also cause breakdowns, and when components fail under normal conditions, the manufacturer may be held responsible under product liability law. Overloading trucks beyond safe capacity places excessive strain on brakes, tires, and suspensions, contributing to premature wear and failure. Finally, poorly trained drivers may overlook warning signs of mechanical trouble or operate vehicles unsafely, particularly when under pressure to meet delivery deadlines.

Catastrophic Consequences of Mechanical Failures

When mechanical systems in a commercial truck fail, the consequences can be devastating. Brake failure may cause rear-end collisions or runaway truck incidents. Suspension or steering failure can lead to rollovers or jackknife accidents. Tire blowouts at highway speeds may result in the driver losing control and causing multi-vehicle crashes. In cases where coupling devices fail, trailers can detach and become deadly obstacles. Lighting failures and windshield wiper malfunctions reduce visibility, heightening the risk of crashes in poor weather. Injuries caused by these events are often severe and may include traumatic brain injuries, spinal cord injuries resulting in paralysis, burns, broken bones, internal bleeding, amputations, and fatalities. Victims often face long hospital stays, extended rehabilitation, and permanent limitations on their quality of life.

Who Can Be Held Liable?

Truck accident cases involving mechanical failure are complex and may involve multiple liable parties. A truck driver may be responsible for knowingly operating an unsafe vehicle or failing to complete required inspections. Trucking companies may face liability for cutting corners on maintenance, failing to provide adequate training, or pressuring drivers to bypass safety protocols. Maintenance contractors may be held accountable for shoddy repairs or incomplete inspections. If a defective part caused the accident, the manufacturer of that component may also bear legal responsibility. In some instances, shippers or loading companies may be at fault if overloading contributed to the failure. 

How The Law Offices of John Day, P.C. Can Help

Our team takes a proactive and strategic approach to truck accident litigation. We work closely with clients to understand the full impact of their injuries and uncover the root causes of the crash. We begin with an immediate investigation, preserving critical evidence such as electronic control module (ECM) or black box data, maintenance and inspection records, pre- and post-trip logs, repair history, and photos or videos from the accident scene. We consult with industry experts, forensic specialists, and engineers as appropriate to evaluate mechanical failures and safety violations.

We also handle negotiations with all involved insurers, including those for trucking companies, equipment manufacturers, and maintenance contractors. Many of these cases involve complex insurance coverage and aggressive defense tactics. Our attorneys are prepared to negotiate forcefully and litigate when necessary to achieve the best possible outcome. We also work to protect our clients’ financial recovery by coordinating with subrogation holders, Medicare, and lienholders.

Damages You May Recover

Victims of mechanical failure truck accidents may be eligible to recover several types of damages. These include medical expenses—both current and anticipated—lost income and diminished earning potential, pain and suffering, property damage, and compensation for permanent disfigurement or disability. In wrongful death cases, surviving family members may pursue compensation under Tenn. Code Ann. § 20-5-113, which allows recovery for funeral expenses, loss of financial support, and loss of companionship. We work to ensure all damages are well-documented and supported to maximize your financial recovery.

What to Do After a Truck Accident Involving Mechanical Failure

If you or a family member has been injured in a truck accident involving mechanical failure, taking the right steps is critical. First, call 911 and seek immediate medical attention. Ensure a police report is completed and make note of any officer observations regarding equipment failure. If it is safe to do so, photograph the accident scene, the truck, any visible damage or defects, skid marks, and weather conditions. Avoid speaking with the trucking company or its insurer until you have legal representation. Contact our office as soon as possible so we can begin building your case and preserving essential evidence.

Why Timing Is Critical

Truck accident evidence can be lost or destroyed quickly. Under federal rules, motor carriers are only required to retain some records—like driver logs—for six months. Black box data can be overwritten within days. Maintenance records may be discarded unless preserved through formal legal action. Additionally, Tennessee’s statute of limitations for most personal injury cases is just one year from the date of the crash, as set forth in Tenn. Code Ann. § 28-3-104. Waiting too long can jeopardize your ability to recover damages, which is why prompt legal action is essential.

Serving Nashville, Davidson County, and Beyond

The Law Offices of John Day, P.C. is proud to serve victims of mechanical failure truck accidents throughout Nashville, Davidson County, and across Tennessee. With conveniently located offices in Brentwood, Nashville, and Murfreesboro, we are available to meet with you in person or virtually. We are committed to making the legal process clear, accessible, and results-oriented, so you can focus on your recovery while we handle the rest.

Contact The Law Offices of John Day, P.C.

If you or a loved one has been injured in a truck accident caused by mechanical failure, don’t try to navigate the legal system on your own. Let our experienced team fight for the justice and compensation you deserve. Call The Law Offices of John Day, P.C. at (615) 742-4880 or contact us online to schedule a free, no-obligation consultation today.